Nellore History

Nellore is a city and municipal corporation in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Nellore is the 4th most populous city in Andhra Pradesh and the district headquarters as well.^[2] The ancient name of Nellore was "Vikrama Simhapuri" until the 13th century.^[3] Nellore is situated about 279 kilometres (173 mi) south of the state capital Andhra Pradesh Capital City and 168 kilometres (104 mi) north of Chennai on the Chennai-Kolkata highway. It is located on the banks of the Penner River and is well known for itsagriculture and aquaculture.

History

Nellore also known as Vikrama Simhapuri existed from the times of the Mauryan empire and was ruled by Ashoka in the 3rd century B.C. Tamil inscriptions indicate that it formed part of Cholas kingdom till their decline in the thirteenth century A.D (Gazetteer of South India).Nellore was known by the name of Vikrama Simhapuri till the 13th century It was annexed by the Pallavas between the fourth and sixth centuries A.D. It was later part of Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Golconda, Mughal Empire and Arcot Nawabdom. In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from the Arcot Nawabs and was part of the Madras Presidency of British India. The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Potti Sriramulu, who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.. The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. It had been under the rule of Maurya Dynasty, Kharavela of Chedi dynasty, Satavahanas, Kakatiyas, Pallavas, Cholas, Eastern Gangas of Kalinga Empire, Telugu Cholas, Pandyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Arcot Nawabs and other dynasties

Nellore is located at 14.43°N 79.97°E.[4] It has an average elevation of 18 metres (59 ft).[4]

Climate

The climate of Nellore city is a typical tropical maritime climate, with hot, humid summers and mild winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June, December, January and February are the coolest months. As the Bay of Bengal is at a distance of 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the city, the sea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore does not receive the south-west monsoon. Rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the north-east monsoon. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall. Cyclones are common in the city during this period, causing floods and havoc.[5]

Winter: January and February

Summer: March to May

South West Monsoons – June to September

North East Monsoons – October to December

The maximum temperature is 36 to 46 °C (97 to 115 °F) during summer and the minimum temperature is 23 to 25 °C (73 to 77 °F) during winter. The rainfall ranges from 700 to 1,000 mm (28 to 39 in) through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons. It is also the hottest city in India with at least 35 super hot days in a year.[6]

Rail

Nellore railway station lies on Vijayawada-Chennai section of Howrah-Chennai main line and hence well connected by rail to most parts of India. It is also connected by Chennai Suburban Railway, lying on the North Line which terminates at Bitragunta. It is classified as an A–category station. It is recognised as an Adarsh station in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone.[19] It is also one amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.[20] Apart from Nellore, the city has and two small railway stations namely, Nellore south & Vedayapalem.[21][22]

Sea

Krishnapatnam Port Company in the sea is where Nellore live. (KPCL) was formed by government of Andhra Pradesh to develop the existing minor port into modern, deep water and high productivity port, on BOST (Build–Operate-Share-Transfer) concession basis for 50 years. It was opened on July 17, 2008. On May 9, 2013, Government of India decided to set up a second major port at Dugarajapatnam in Nellore District. It will be the second major port in Andhra Pradesh.

Air

The nearest airport is at Tirupati (Renigunta), which is 130 km from the city which has limited services to certain domestic destinations like Vijayawada, Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Mumbai and Delhi. The nearest major airport is the Chennai International Airport, about 189 km from the city, which is an international airport providing connectivity to major parts of India and the world. The Government of Czech Republic has evinced interest in building a domestic airport in Nellore.[23] However so far no concrete work has been done on this front as the process of land acquisition for the airport is posing a problem.[24]

EducationSecondary and higher secondary education are handled by SSC board. Although many schools have a choice to pursue school education through Central board (CBSE).Several institutes are offering K.G to P.G in Nellore itself without depending on other states or country's. Prominent institutions include Vikrama Simhapuri University, Rao's Educational Society, Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, Veda and Sanskrit college, Government Medical College, and Venkatagiri Raja's College (VRC) and high school,Narayana Medical College, Atmakur Engineering college, Thrive School [1].